Similarly, the presence of macrophages, CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, natural killer T cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils has been described in the skeletal muscle of patients with DMD and of mdx mice, a widely used animal model of DMD (Arahata and Engel, 1984; Spencer and Tidball, 2001; Spencer et al., 2001; Vetrone et al., 2009; Lozanoska-Ochser et al., 2018). Here, CD4 is linked to Duchenne muscular dystrophy.