IGF1 and breast carcinoma: SLC12A7 (Solute Carrier Family 12 Member 7) acts as a potassium/chloride co-transporter for maintaining a stable osmotic pressure, which can be activated by insulin-like growth factor (IGF) resulting in cell invasion and progression in breast cancer, adrenocortical cancer, cervical cancer, and ovarian cancer (Shen et al., 2004; Hsu et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2009; Brown et al., 2019).