In conclusion, our results show that lactulose and melibiose reduce motor deficits, inhibit the loss of striatal dopamine, increase DAT, decrease 4-HNE level, reduce activation of microglia and astrocytes, and enhance anti-oxidative and autophagy functions in the ventral brain of MPTP-induced PD mice. The gene discussed is SLC6A3; the disease is Parkinson disease.