SNCA and Parkinson disease: A variety of environmental insults, including pesticides and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), specifically increase oxidative stress, damage DAergic neurons and produce parkinsonism similar to the main features to PD (Tuite and Krawczewski, 2007), although only prolonged chronic but not acute or sub-acute MPTP exposure in mice triggers the formation of α-synuclein inclusion pathology (reviewed in Konnova and Swanberg, 2018).