In accordance with the detrimental role of P2X7 receptor activation in AD, systemic administration of a P2X7 receptor antagonist, BBG, diminished spatial memory impairment and cognitive deficits along with reduced loss of filopodia and spine density induced by the injection of soluble Aβ1-42 into the hippocampal CA1 region of mice, an animal model of AD (Chen et al., 2014). The gene discussed is P2RX7; the disease is Alzheimer disease.