NCAM1 and temporal lobe epilepsy: However, another study in 1998 that performed PSA-NCAM immunohistochemistry on surgically removed hippocampi and entorhinal cortices of patients with drug-refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (mean age, 34 years) and autopsy controls (mean age, 47 years) demonstrated that a substantial number of PSA-NCAM+ cells are detectable in the SGZ of the adult human hippocampus, and that the number decreases in epileptic patients with severe neuronal damage (Mikkonen et al., 1998).