Song et al. investigated a novel lncITPF, which was upregulated in a TGF-β1-smad2/3-dependent manner, promotes PF through regulating hnRNP-L and ITGBL1, and interestingly, lncITPF was also correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics of IPF patients18. Here, SMAD2 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.