Indeed, as we were focused particularly on virologic (HIV-1 viral load and accumulation of DRMs) and immunologic (significant reduction of CD4+ T cells counts) markers to assess the disease progression, we did not address whether HIV disease progression observed would not also be associated with other risk factors such as co-infection with opportunistic pathogens which could over stimulate the immune system leading to a generalized inflammation therefore worsening the HIV-infection. Here, CD4 is linked to coinfection.