TP53 and cancer: Immunologic processes causing autoantibody production are believed to be generated by the immune system in response to mutations, overexpression of proteins, degradation, or others.[8,9] Therefore, there is a growing interest in autoantibody levels in patient blood serum as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage diagnosis of HCC.[10] P53 protein is encoded by the tumor suppressor P53 gene, which plays an important role in cell cycle regulation, cell apoptosis, DNA repair, and angiogenesis and has been studied in various types of cancer for many years.