XDH and infection: We previously showed that, although Prnp0/0 mice were highly susceptible to IAV infection, they were successfully rescued from lethal infection with the same IFU of IAV/PR8 as used in WT mice, by treatment with butylated hydroxyanisole, a radical oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, and allopurinol, the inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, which is a major ROS-generating enzyme in IAV-infected lungs [3].