AFP and neoplasm: When we used 120 days as the assumed tumor doubling time to correct for lead-time bias, overall survival and cancer-specific mortality outcomes were significantly better in the AFP group than in the AFP+US group (unadjusted HR [95% CI], 0.75 [0.58–0.96] and 0.67 [0.49–0.90], respectively, all Ps<0.001, S3 Fig and S3 Table).