AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Both the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for HCC, newly updated in 2017, reintroduce serum AFP testing as an additional surveillance method because of its potential benefit for patients with HCCs secreting AFP.[12,13] Recent interesting efforts in the U.S. to develop a computer model for detecting HCC also included serum AFP measurement in the prediction calculator.[14,15]