As well, Western blot results indicated that OCN, OPN, ALP, Runx2, Wnt3 and β‐catenin were up‐regulated in the CAVD model (P < .01, Figure 3) although declined protein expression of TGF‐β3 was observed. The gene discussed is SPP1; the disease is congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens from CFTR mutation.