Although PAT regenerated to some small extent, likely due to both hypertrophy of remnant adipocytes and formation of new adipocytes, there was still (after 16-week HFD feeding) a >80% difference in PAT size between groups and we found that PAT-ectomized mice displayed higher basal and glucose-induced insulin levels associated with aggravated hepatic steatosis. This evidence concerns the gene INS and fatty liver disease.