Previous studies have shown contrasting prognostic trends of CD68 M1-like and CD163 M2-like macrophages in other tumour types, such as lung cancer and ovarian cancer.24,25 Non-significant trends of increased intratumoural CD68+ (p = 0.2) and CD163+ (p = 0.052) macrophage density were associated with improved and worse survival, respectively. This evidence concerns the gene CD68 and lung carcinoma.