IL31 and neoplasm: We should note, however, that our previous study demonstrated that IL-31 inhibits both murine and human tumor growth via antiangiogenic activity and direct effect on tumor cells, which should have been observed in the NOD-SCID mouse experiment.11 It is plausible that the strong link found between angiogenesis and immunity40 in our breast cancer tumor model can explain the association between the antiangiogenic effect and immune cell alteration.