WT1 and stage 5 chronic kidney disease: In contrast, NPHS4 is associated with end-stage renal disease that does not respond to such therapies (Jeanpierre et al. 1998; Schumacher et al. 1998; Ito et al. 2001, 2010; Royer-Pokora et al. 2004; Hinkes et al. 2007; Chernin et al. 2010; Downie et al. 2017).