An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants is observed in IPF patients, who show elevated concentrations of oxidants, depleted glutathione levels, and reduced activity of the nuclear factor-erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), the antioxidant enzyme haem oxygenase 1, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) [17,18]. The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.