MAPK1 and endometrial cancer: In endometrial cancer cells, molecular changes in PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, WNT/β-catenin, VEGF/VEGFR, ERBB, P53/P21, and P16INK4a/pRB signaling pathways are responsible for evading apoptosis, increasing cell proliferation, inhibiting differentiation, and stimulating angiogenesis [50].