To date, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for NAFLD and related traits such as serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration have identified 8 independent genetic loci derived primarily from hepatic lipid and glucose homeostatic genes (LYPLAL1, GCKR, HSD17B13, TRIB1, PPP1R3B, CPN1-ERLIN1-CHUK, TM6SF2, PNPLA3) (S1 Table in S1 File) [3–18]. Here, PNPLA3 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.