It was also shown that hyperglycemia, treatment with metformin and/or ligature-induced periodontitis promoted the increase in the ex vivo levels of TNF-α and IL-17, two cytokines involved in the inflammatory process and it’s possible to suggest that selective inhibition of these cytokines could be considered a possible immunomodulation to periodontitis associated with hyperglycemia. The gene discussed is IL17A; the disease is periodontitis.