Among the many differentially regulated genes in AF+HF LA were subunits encoding ion channels or their interacting proteins, such as potassium voltage-gated channel interacting protein 2 (KCNIP2), potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 2, and calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D (Supplemental Tables 4, 5, 8, and 9), which were expected based on previous studies associating these ion channels with AF (20, 47, 48). Here, KCNIP2 is linked to atrial fibrillation.