Several TFs dysregulated within LA CMN have previously been associated with predisposition to AF both in humans and in animal models, including PITX2 (fold change = 0.37, FDR = 2.42E-02) (27, 49) and short stature homeobox protein 2 (SHOX2; fold change = 0.08, FDR = 2.37E-31) (50, 51). This evidence concerns the gene SHOX2 and atrial fibrillation.