In particular, our in vivo expression profiling revealed that the following phosphatase genes were markedly upregulated during host infection: CDC1, GDA1, GEP4, NDX2, NDX3, PTP3, APH4, HAD9, YMR1, INM1, PPU1, DPP101, and AKP1 (Supplementary Data 8). Here, MPPE1 is linked to infection.