NFKB1 and Other metabolic disease: This study establishes a clear crosstalk between bacteria-derived PGN and an immune NF-κB signaling that contributes to the onset of metabolic disorders in Drosophila. Adult flies chronically infected with the enterobacteria Ecc develop phenotypes that are associated with impaired metabolic homeostasis including fluid buildup as well as fat body and ovary degeneration31,32.