APP and neoplasm: In concordance with a tumour suppressive role for NEDD8, Kaplan–Meier analysis using the K–M plotter21 also showed a poorer disease-free survival rate in patients, significantly associated with elevated UBA3, APP-BP1 and NEDD8 mRNA expression (P = 4.0 × 10−5, 2.0 × 10−13 and 2.2 × 10−5, respectively) (Supplementary Fig. S2).