In addition, a study from Swatton et al. in DS reported that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are highly phosphorylate in DS and AD brains [46], and this result can be linked to the mechanism whereby MAPKs phosphorylate Nrf2 enabling its dissociation from the Nrf2/Keap1 complex, but preventing its translocation into the nucleus. The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is Alzheimer disease.