Although TGFβ signaling is involved in almost all major cell behaviors, some controversies about the paradoxical roles of TGFβ in cancer never end.[21, 22] Moreover, in regards to the role of TGFβ signaling, most studies focused on the TGFβ1, but the functional role and clinical relevance of TGFβ2 are largely unknown. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cancer.