TNF and Alzheimer disease: Studies have shown that microglia-mediated inflammation and production of proinflammatory factors, including interleukins (ILs) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) or noninflammatory factors, such as superoxide ions, are important pathogenic bases of neurological diseases, such as intracranial infections, stroke, trauma, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) [1–6].