NF-κB-p65 protein in the cell lysates was decreased in primary bronchial fibroblasts of COPD patients at 24 h (p = 0.0209) after ESW treatment (Figure 7(d)) and increased in 16HBE cells at 4 h (p = 0.0155) and 24 h (p = 0.0002) after ESW treatment (Figure 7(f)). Here, NFKB1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.