A unique feature of this population-based study was that cancer cases were not selected based on clinical characteristics or family history; therefore, results are more applicable to the general population for developing broad genetic testing and counselling regarding HOXB13. The strong association of the G84E mutation and PCa risk (OR = 4.81) from this population-based study, together with the consistent finding from previously published studies, suggest this mutation be included in germline testing for assessing PCa risk for men in their thirties and forties. Here, HOXB13 is linked to cancer.