Proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), cause skeletal muscle proteolysis by suppressing muscle genes and activating ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated proteolysis and are closely associated with both sarcopenia and cancer-related cachexia [34]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Cachexia.