These ameliorative effects of intranasal IL-10 treatment on cognitive impairments in LH mice led us to test if IL-10 treatment was also effective in other mouse models that display impaired learning and memory, the mouse model of Fragile X syndrome [Fmrp1−/− mice [20];] and mice expressing constitutively active glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) [GSK3 knock-in mice [38];]. The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is fragile X syndrome.