Pregnancy hormones and other factors are thought to interfere with the action of insulin as it binds to the insulin receptor.12 Lisowski et al.1 reported there is 10 times increased in the incidence of cardiac malformation among newborns in maternal diabetics than that of the normal population but our study showed much higher 8.4% in gestational diabetes and 42.8% in pregestational diabetes. The gene discussed is INSR; the disease is gestational diabetes.