KRAS and colonic neoplasm: Although in the present study the induction of apoptosis by MS13 is suggested via increased caspase-3 activity and down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression, several DAPs were shown to induce various apoptotic pathways in colon cancer cells which include alter expression of pro-apoptotic (Bax and Bad) and pro-survival proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL), ROS-ER-stress pathway, inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation [116,119,120,121,122], degradation of β-catenin and down-regulation of Ki-ras [123].