Moreover, CMS1 tumors display a marked upregulation of immunosuppressive factors, such as TGF-β and CXCL12, and high expression of genes encoding chemokines that attract myeloid cells, including C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and the related cytokines IL-23 and IL-17, which are known carcinogenic drivers in colitis-associated CRC [59]. Here, CCL2 is linked to colitis.