The accumulation of Aβ oligomers extracellularly leads to the appearance of Aβ-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs), which are highly neurotoxic and mediate the disruption of neuronal synapses, the depression of signaling, tau hyperphosphorylation (another well studied factor in AD), the disruption of normal autophagic processes, the generation of ROS and RNS, and cell death [107]. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.