The so-called IFN-γ signature, consisting of IFNG, STAT1, CCR5, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, IDO1, PRF1, GZMA, and MHCII HLA-DRA measured on mRNA level has been shown to predict the outcome of patients to PD-1 antibodies in HNSCC and melanoma [14]. Here, IDO1 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.