CASP1 and Sepsis: Thus, we propose that in the CLP septic mice, LPS and ATP are the primary inducers of caspase-1 activation and pyroptosis, as in the case of other sepsis models [45,46], and that LL-37 prevents the actions of LPS and ATP, both in vivo and in vitro, thereby inhibiting pyroptosis (caspase-1 activation) and improving the survival of CLP mice (Figure 3).