Comparative analysis of urine exosomes prior to and after local prostatectomy or radiation by Dhondt et al. revealed a significant reduction in PCa biomarkers proteins (e.g., KLK2, KLK3/PSA, FOLH1, MSMB, ACPP, TGM4, NDRG1, NKX3-1) and androgen-regulated genes (e.g., FKBP5, FAM129A, RAB27A, FASN, NEFH) [102,103] (Table 2). The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.