IL13RA1 and glioblastoma: Moreover, another promising finding in this research is that MPI not only delivers DOX to GBM in a targeted manner but also occupies IL13Rα2 and then promotes the binding of IL-13 to IL13Rα1, thus activating the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway to trigger an anti-tumor effect [101] (Figure 3).