It has been suggested for example in pancreatic cancer that TEV could promote M2 macrophage polarisation by conveying HIF-1α protein or that TEV could convey entire or cleaved Bcl-xL protein, as well as other proteins and molecules (miRNA or lncRNA) that promote the anti-apoptotic pathways after internalisation by cells, and could even lead to the production of Bcl-xL or other anti-apoptotic proteins in TEV recipient cells [44,65,66]. Here, HIF1A is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.