INS and hydrops fetalis: Finally, the proposed concept is consistent with independent additive associations of incident HF with both reduced glucose disposal rate (assessed the euglycemic insulin clamp technique, the golden standard method for IR quantification) and fasting intact proinsulin levels and 2-h post-challenge glucose concentrations (estimates of beta-cell dysfunction) in 1187 community-based elderly subjects without prevalent HF participating in the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men [24].