CXCL12 and prostate carcinoma: An ex vivo prostate tumor model, derived from patients with prostate cancer, demonstrated that prostate tumors showed low levels of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and T-helper (Th)1 cells-recruiting chemokines, such as CCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10, but expressed high levels of chemokines implicated in attracting TAMs, MDSCs, and Treg cells, such as CCL2, CCL22, and CXCL12 [118].