Studies have shown that excessive or persistent ER stress can induce neuronal apoptosis through various signaling pathways such as protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)/ C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) in neurological diseases such as cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and Alzheimer’s disease [65,66]. Here, DDIT3 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.