CASP3 and cancer: Nedopekina et al. synthesized conjugates of triterpenoids UA and betulinic acid with the triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) group; evaluated their cytotoxic activity against two human cancer cell lines; and also studied their ability to induce programmed cancer cell death by employing markers of apoptosis, including the activation of caspase-3, permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane, PARP-1 cleavage, the release of cytochrome c, and the inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.