In a study of twenty healthy males during Ramadan fasting, it was revealed that there were significant decreases in fasting plasma insulin and glucose by 52.8% and 12.3, respectively (p < 0.01) [100] and, consequently, a decrease in insulin resistance using HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, p < 0.01), which the authors believed was due to calorie restrictions. Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.