The same study also found that the following piRNAs are upregulated in pancreatic cancer: hsa-piR-52959, hsa-piR-53108, hsa-piR-30690, hsa-piR-54479, hsa-piR-56621, hsa-piR-54888, hsa-piR-42185, hsa-piR-46410, hsa-piR-58897, hsa-piR-58897. Here, PIR is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.