CASP9 and pancreatic neoplasm: Western blot results with a higher LC3II/I ratio observed in SDC1-Lip echinomycin-treated S2VP10 and S2CP9 cells demonstrate the macroautophagic cell death of pancreatic cancer cells as neither cleaved caspases-3 (S2VP10 = 0.02, S2CP9 = 0.03) nor cleaved caspase-9 (S2VP10 = 0.01, S2CP9 = 0.12) were observed (Figure 3A–L), as they would occur in the context of autophagic-mediated apoptosis.