SOD1 and atherosclerosis: Besides, Pawlak et al. [40] found in their several studies that serum SOD-1 levels in peritoneal (PD) and HD patients have been associated with several factors, such as (1) age, (2) creatinine clearance, (3) dialysis period, (4) atherosclerosis, (5) vascular damage, (6) hemostasis, (7) coagulation, (8) vascular repair, (9) angiogenesis, (10) inflammation, and (11) hepatitis.