Furthermore, an analysis of the mouse GBM of ALTS1C1-bearing mice showed that levels of CAIX, PD-L1, transforming growth factor-β, and colony-stimulating factor 1 were significantly higher in the intracranial GBM than those in the ALTS1C1 GBM group (Figure 4E). This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and glioblastoma.