Compared with the cells infected with E. coli alone, an elevated expression of ATG16L1 protein in cells incubated with L. johnsonii L531 alone or pretreated with L. johnsonii L531 followed by E. coli infection was observed (p < 0.001, and p < 0.001), even than in cells of untreated control (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). This evidence concerns the gene ATG16L1 and escherichia coli infection.