The common finding of all the groups was that TOX regulated by NFAT1 was distinctively expressed at very high levels in tumor-specific exhausted T cells in an inducible liver carcinoma mouse model called AST mice which bears Cre-mediated expression of the oncogene SV40 T antigen (Tag), the Albumin-floxstop-Tag (AST) mouse model generated by Stahl et al. to study antitumor immunity [145]. Here, TOX is linked to neoplasm.